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Use of Recombinant Tissue-Plasminogen Activator in a Dog With Chylothorax Secondary to Catheter-Associated Thrombosis of the Cranial Vena Cava

From the Departments of Clinical Sciences (S. P. Bliss, Harvey) and Microbiology and Immunology (S. K. Bliss), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850.

A 4-year-old, castrated male Maltese developed cranial vena caval thrombosis and chylothorax following central venous catheterization for treatment of postoperative sepsis. Vena caval thrombolysis was attempted using recombinant human tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA). Thrombolytic therapy led to an acute reduction in the size of the caval thrombus and was followed by prompt resolution of the chylothorax. Hemorrhage at the entry sites of a jugular catheter and esophagostomy tube placed at the time of treatment was a dose-limiting complication of t-PA therapy in this dog.