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Chronic Canine Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): A Retrospective Study of 19 Natural Cases

From the Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine (Mylonakis, Koutinas) and the Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Billinis), School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle’s University of Thessaloniki, 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece; the Intracellular Pathogens Laboratory (Breitschwerdt, Hegarty), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606; the Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Economics of Animal Production (Leontides), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece; and the Department of Veterinary Public Health (Kontos), National School of Public Health, 11521, Athens, Greece.

Nineteen dogs from Greece with chronic ehrlichiosis were studied. The dogs exhibited bicytopenia or pancytopenia, bone marrow hypoplasia, seroreactivity to Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) antigens, and had no history of drug or radiation exposure. Anorexia, depression, severe bleeding tendencies, hypoalbuminemia, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity were also hallmarks of the disease. All these animals eventually died, irrespective of the treatment applied. Some dogs were also serologically positive for Rickettsia conorii, Leishmania infantum (L. infantum), and Bartonella vinsonii subspp. berkhoffii. Polymerase chain reaction testing of bone marrow samples revealed E. canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilia, Anaplasma platys, and L. infantum in some dogs. Concurrent infections did not appear to substantially influence the clinical course and final outcome of the chronic canine ehrlichiosis.

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