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Diagnosis of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disorder With Electroencephalography and Treatment With Tricyclic Antidepressants in a Dog

From the Veterinary Hospital (Bush, Barr, Overall, Bernier, Darrin) and the Department of Animal Biology (Morrison), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; and the Department of Neurology (Stecker), Geisinger Medical Center, 100 North Academy Road, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822.

A 9-month-old, female Labrador retriever mix was presented for two types of seizure-like episodes, one of which occurred only during sleep. The two types of episodes were morphologically distinct. An electroencephalogram (EEG) demonstrated that the sleep-associated episodes occurred during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, supporting a diagnosis of a REM behavior disorder. Based on their morphology and response to antiseizure medications, the waking episodes were diagnosed as seizures. The animal was also diagnosed with an obsessive-compulsive and generalized anxiety disorder. The REM behavior disorder and anxiety-related behaviors improved with tricyclic antidepressant therapy.