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Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 40:501-507 (2004)
© 2004 American Animal Hospital Association

Case Report

Heart Failure Caused by Toxoplasmosis in a Fennec Fox (Fennecus zerda)

Jack J. Kottwitz, DVM, Diane E. Preziosi, DVM, Diplomate ABVP, Margaret A. Miller, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVP, Jose A. Ramos-Vara, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ECVP, David J. Maggs, BVSc, Diplomate ACVO and John D. Bonagura, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVIM

From the Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Kottwitz, Preziosi, Maggs, Bonagura) and the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology (Ramos, Miller), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201.

Address all correspondence to Dr. Preziosi.

A male fennec fox (Fennecus zerda) kit was examined for lethargy, inappetence, and weight loss. Clinical findings included respiratory distress, a gallop rhythm, and retinochoroiditis. Radiography indicated pleural effusion and cardiomegaly. Echocardiographic findings included left ventricular dilatation, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and atrioventricular valvular regurgitation. Necropsy findings were compatible with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure caused by myocarditis. Histopathology showed a disseminated infection with Toxoplasma gondii causing myocarditis, skeletal polymyositis, gastrointestinal myositis, and panuveitis. Toxoplasma-induced myocarditis should be included in the differential diagnosis of heart failure and retinochoroiditis in the fennec fox.






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