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Cutaneous Manifestations of Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in an Immunosuppressed Dog

From the Departments of Clinical Studies (Webb, Armstrong, Allen) and Pathobiology (Keller, Southorn, Peregrine), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 and the Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory (Dubey), Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, BARC-East, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350.

A 3.5-year-old, castrated male, giant schnauzer was presented with alopecic pustular dermatitis. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia had been diagnosed 45 days previously. At the time of presentation, the dog was receiving prednisone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. Cutaneous protozoosis was diagnosed, and postmortem examination revealed protozoa within cutaneous, cardiac, pancreatic, and pulmonary tissues. The protozoa divided by endodyogeny, had the morphology of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) tachyzoites, and stained positively with T. gondii polyclonal antibodies but not with antibodies to Neospora caninum or Sarcocystis neurona. Immunosuppression may have predisposed this dog to disseminated toxoplasmosis.

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