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Unusual Case of Osteopenia Associated With Nutritional Calcium and Vitamin D Deficiency in an Adult Dog

From the Internal Medicine Unit (de Fornel-Thibaud, Escoffier-Chateau, Rosenberg), the Nutrition Unit (Blanchard), and the Radiology Unit (Begon), National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France; the Veterinary Anticancer Center (Segond, Delisle), Maisons-Alfort, France; and the Vet France Laboratory (Guetta), Parc d’activité du Val de Seine 17, allée JB Preux, BP 18 Alfortville, 94141 France.

Address all correspondence to Dr. Rosenberg, Internal Medicine Unit, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 7, avenue du Général de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort, 94704 France.

A 6-year-old, spayed female rottweiler was presented for facial enlargement from swelling of the maxilla and mandible. The dog was fed a homemade diet deficient in calcium and vitamin D, suggesting that rubber jaw syndrome was a secondary nutritional disorder. Radiographic and tomodensitometric examinations revealed diffuse bone resorption in the skull. The plasma parathormone concentration was high, and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration was low. Based on these findings, nutritional calcium and vitamin D deficiency associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed. Dietary correction resulted in clinical and biological improvement, with an increase in skull mineralization.