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Lactate in Veterinary Critical Care: Pathophysiology and Management

From the Departments of Anaesthesia (Pang) and Emergency and Critical Care (Boysen), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Companion Animal Clinic, University of Montreal, 1525 rue des Vétérinaires, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 7C6 Canada.

The measurement of blood lactate in people has proven to be a useful tool in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of a wide range of clinical syndromes. Its use in small animals is increasing, and several studies have been completed that demonstrate its potential role in critical care. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the physiology and pathophysiology of lactate production and lactic acidosis; current indications and the utility of measurement in a critical care setting are described; novel applications in the evaluation of cavitary effusions are highlighted; and a guide to the therapy of lactic acidosis is presented.