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Coccidioidomycosis in Dogs and Cats: A Review

From the Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Valentine, Tornquist) and Clinical Sciences (Watrous), College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 30th and Washington Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; and Valley Fever Center for Excellence (Shubitz), the Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Dial), University of Arizona, 2831 North Freeway, Tucson, Arizona 85705.

The dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are the causative agents of coccidioidomycosis. Dogs and cats residing in and visiting endemic areas are at risk of exposure to infectious arthrospores. The primary infection is pulmonary and frequently results in chronic cough. Disseminated disease is common and causes cutaneous, osseous, cardiac, ocular, nervous system, or other organ disease. Radiographic changes include a variable degree of interstitial pulmonary infiltration, hilar lymphadenopathy, and osseous lesions. Serological titers support the diagnosis, but definitive diagnosis relies on identification of Coccidioides in cytological or tissue samples. Coccidioidomycosis should be considered in any dog or cat that has been potentially exposed during the previous 3 years and is presented with chronic illness, respiratory signs, lameness, lymphadenopathy, nonhealing cutaneous lesions, or neurological, ocular, or cardiac abnormalities.