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A Prospective Study of Unfractionated Heparin Therapy in Dogs With Primary Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Breuhl, Moore, Scott-Moncrieff), School of Veterinary Medicine, Lynn Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 and theDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences (Brooks), College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.

Unfractionated heparin therapy was initiated at a standard dosage of 300 IU/kg subcutaneously q 6 hours to 18 dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Heparin’s prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and change in factor Xa inhibition (anti-Xa activity) were serially monitored during the first 40 hours of therapy. During the initial 40 hours, only eight of 18 dogs had attained anti-Xa activities of 0.35 U/mL. No dogs had clinical signs of hemorrhage. Fifteen dogs survived to discharge; 11 dogs were alive at 1 year, and thrombosis was identified in three of six nonsurvivors that were necropsied.