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Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Enoxaparin) in Dogs

From the Department of Clinical Sciences (Lunsford, Mackin, Langston), College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762 and Comparative Coagulation Section (Brooks), Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-5786.

Unfractionated heparin has been the standard heparin used in human and veterinary medicine for its anticoagulation effect; however, it has a complex pharmacodynamic profile that requires close monitoring. Low molecular weight heparins have a more predictable bioavailability, allowing standardized dosing without individual patient monitoring. This project was designed to a) evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the subcutaneous (SC) administration of the low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, in dogs using anti-Xa activity as a marker of plasma enoxaparin concentrations and b) to establish the dose necessary to maintain activity within an established target range. Enoxaparin at 0.8 mg/kg SC q 6 hours consistently maintained target levels of anti-Xa activity in normal dogs without evidence of hemorrhagic complications.